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Eleven years have passed since the release of the first version of Mac OS X Cheetah. It's 2012 and Apple is releasing the eighth feline in a row - Mountain Lion. Meanwhile, predators such as Puma, Jaguar, Panther, Tiger, Leopard, Snow Leopard and Lion took turns on Apple computers. Each of the systems reflected the needs of users at the time and the performance of the hardware on which (Mac) OS X was intended to run.

Last year OS X Lion caused some embarrassment because it did not achieve the reliability and agility of its predecessor Snow Leopard, which at the same time is still considered by some to be the last "proper" system. Some compare Lion to Windows Vista precisely because of its unreliability. Especially MacBook users could feel it shortened duration on the battery. Mountain Lion should address these shortcomings. If this is really the case, we will see in the coming weeks.

Just five years ago, OS X and the computers powered by it were the main source of profits for the Cupertino company. But then came the first iPhone and with it iOS, a new mobile operating system that is built on the same core as OS X Darwin. A year after that, the App Store was launched, a completely new way of buying applications. iPad and iPhone 4 with Retina display arrived. Today, the number of iOS devices exceeds the number of Macs by several times, which thus form only a narrow wedge in the net profit pie. But that doesn't mean Apple should neglect OS X.

On the contrary, Mountain Lion still has a lot to offer. Computers as such will still be here some Friday, but Apple is trying to bring both systems closer to each other so that everyone gets the most similar user experience. That's why several well-known applications from iOS appear in Mountain Lion, as well as deeper iCloud integration. It is iCloud (and cloud computing in general) that will play a very important role in the future. Without the Internet and its services, all computers, tablets and mobile phones today would be just very powerful calculators.

Bottom line - Mountain Lion simply follows on from its predecessor while also taking over some features from iOS. We will encounter this convergence process at Apple more and more often. At the center of everything will be iCloud. So is the 15 euros worth it? Certainly. If you own one of the supported Macs, don't worry, it doesn't bite or scratch.

User interface

Controlling the operating system using graphic elements is in the spirit of previous versions of OS X, so definitely do not expect a fundamental revolution. Windowed applications are currently the most efficient way to interact with a computer on a desktop system controlled by a pointing device. It is used not only by tens of millions of Apple users, but also by users of Windows and Linux distributions. Apparently, the time has not yet come for drastic changes here.

Those of you who will be moving to Mountain Lion from Lion will not be surprised by the appearance of the system. However, Apple also offers an upgrade from the latest version of Snow Leopard, which may come as a bit of a shock to some users who were reluctant to switch to 10.7. Well, probably not a shock, but it's been four whole years since the launch of 10.6, so the appearance of the system may feel strange to new users for the first few days. So let's first focus on the differences between 10.6 and 10.8.

You will no longer find the legendary rounded buttons under the mouse cursor, which were designed to make you want to lick them. As in 10.7, it got a more angular shape and a more matte texture. While they don't look "lickable" anymore, they feel more modern and fit better in 2012. If you look at the Mac portfolio in 2000, where Aqua was introduced, the more angular buttons make sense. Today's Macs, especially the MacBook Air, have quite sharp edges compared to the rounded iBooks and the first iMac. Apple is a company that adheres to the harmony of hardware and software, so there is a quite logical reason why the change in the appearance of the system took place.

The Finder windows and other system parts were also slightly smoothed. The window texture in Snow Leopard is a noticeably darker gray color than that of the two previous lions. Upon closer inspection, a certain amount of noise can also be seen in the new texture, which shifts the appearance of sterile computer graphics to a real-world experience in which nothing is perfect. It also got a new look Kalendář (previously iCal) to Contact (Address book). Both apps are noticeably inspired by their iOS equivalents. The so-called According to some users, "iOSification" is a step aside, while others like the iOS elements and the textures of real materials.

Other details are also completely identical to the previous OS X Lion. The trio of buttons for close, maximize and minimize have been reduced in size and given a slightly different shade. The sidebar in the Finder has been stripped of color, Quick Look it got a gray tint, badges were taken from iOS, a new look for the progress bar and other little things that give the system a complete look. An unmissable novelty are the new indicators of running applications in the dock. They were, as usual, made angular. If you have your dock positioned to the left or right, you'll still see white dots next to the icons of running apps.

With the new system comes a question. Who needs sliders? No one, well almost no one. (Or so Apple thinks.) When OS X Lion was first introduced at the Back to the Mac conference last year, the change to the user experience caused quite a stir. The largest part of Macs sold are MacBooks, which are equipped with a large glass touchpad with support for multi-touch gestures. In general, the vast majority of MacBook owners control the system using only the touchpad, without connecting a mouse. Add to that the hundreds of millions of touch iDevice users, so always visible sliders in windows cease to be a necessary necessity.

It is in this example that the terms "Back to the Mac" or "iOSification" are clearly visible. Scrolling through window content is very similar to iOS. Move up and down with two fingers, but the sliders only appear at the moment of movement. To initially confuse users, Apple reversed the direction of motion as if the touchpad were replacing the touch screen. The so-called "natural shift" is rather just a matter of habit and can be changed in the system settings. It is possible to leave the sliders always displayed, which users of classic mice will appreciate. Sometimes it's faster to grab that gray bar and drag to go back to the beginning of the content. Compared to Lion, the sliders under the cursor expand to roughly the size they were in Snow Leopard. This is a big plus point for ergonomics.

iCloud

A very useful new feature is the improvement of iCloud options. Apple has taken a very important step to improve the functionality of this service. He finally made it a usable and powerful tool. You will notice drastic changes immediately after opening any application that supports the "new" iCloud. A good example would be using the native TextEdit editor. When you open it, instead of the classic text editor interface, a window will appear in which you can choose whether you want to create a new document, open an existing one from your Mac, or work with a file stored in iCloud.

When you save a document, you can simply choose iCloud as the storage. It is therefore no longer necessary to upload a file via the web interface. The user can finally access their data in iCloud easily and quickly from all their devices, which gives the service a completely new dimension. In addition, this solution can now also be used by independent developers. So you can enjoy the same comfort with, for example, the popular iA Writer and other similar editors.

Notification Center

Another feature that has made its way to Macs from iOS is the notification system. It can be said that it is done identically to iPhones, iPod touch and iPads. The only exception is the pulling out of the notification bar - it does not pull out from above, but instead comes out from the right edge of the display, pushing the entire area to the left to the edge of the monitor. On wide-angle non-touch screens, the pull-down roller would not make much sense, since Apple still has to reckon with control using an ordinary two-button mouse. Eject is done by clicking the button with three stripes or moving two fingers over the right edge of the trackpad.

Everything else is identical to notifications on iOS. These can either be ignored, displayed with a banner or a notification that remains visible in the upper right corner of the display for five seconds. It goes without saying that notifications for individual applications can also be set separately. In the notification bar, in addition to all notifications, there is also an option to turn off notifications, including their sounds. iOS 6 will also bring similar functionality.

Twitter and Facebook

In iOS 5, Apple agreed with Twitter to integrate the popular social network into its mobile operating system. Thanks to this cooperation, the number of short messages increased threefold. Here it is beautiful to see how two companies can profit by linking their services. But even though Twitter is the number two social network in the world and certainly has its charm, not everyone needs 140-character tweets. The question arises: Shouldn't Facebook also be integrated?

Yes, he went. IN iOS 6 we will see it in the fall and in OS X Mountain Lion around the same time. So don't be disappointed if you can't find it in your Macs this summer. Currently, only developers have the installation package containing Facebook integration, the rest of us will have to wait for some Friday.

You will be able to send statuses to both networks exactly as in iOS - from the notification bar. The display goes dark and the familiar label appears in the foreground. The notification bar will also display notifications about a comment under your post, a mention, a tag on a photo, a new message, etc. Many, rather unsophisticated, users will probably be able to delete various applications used to access Twitter or Facebook. Everything basic is provided by the operating system itself.

I share, you share, we share

In Mountain Lion, the Share button as we know it from iOS appears system-wide. It occurs practically everywhere, where it is possible - it is implemented in Safari, Quick View, etc. In applications, it is displayed in the upper right corner. Content can be shared using AirDrop, via mail, Messages or Twitter. In some applications, the marked text can even be shared only through the right-click context menu.

Safari

The web browser comes with a new operating system in its sixth major version. It can also be installed on OS X Lion, but snow leopard users will not get this update. It brings several interesting and practical functions that will please many. Before we get to them, I can't resist posting my first impressions - they're great. I didn't use Safari 5.1 and its centenary versions, because they made the rainbow wheel rotate uncomfortably often. Loading pages is also not the fastest compared to Google Chrome, but Safari 6 pleasantly surprised me with its nimble rendering. But it is still too early to draw conclusions.

The biggest attraction is the unified address bar, modeled after Google Chrome. Finally, the latter is not only used to enter URLs and search history, but also to whisper to the search engine. You can choose Google, Yahoo!, or Bing, the first of which is set natively. This was missing in Safari for a long time, and I dare say that the absence of modern trends made it below average among browsers. From a frozen application, it suddenly became a completely different one. Let's face it, the search box somewhere in the upper right is a holdover from the past. Hopefully Safari in iOS will get a similar update.

A brand new feature next to the address bar is a button to display panels stored in iCloud. This feature will also be available in iOS 6, but you won't be able to fully use it for the next few months, but you'll love it after that. Reading a long article in the comfort of your home on your MacBook, but don't have time to finish it? You snap the lid, get on the tram, open Safari on your iPhone, and under the button with a cloud you'll find all your panels open on your MacBook. Simple, effective.

It is also related to iCloud Reading list, which first appeared in iOS 5 and can sync a saved link between devices. Apps have been offering a similar function for some time Instapaper, Pocket and new Readability, however, after saving the page, they parse the text and offer it for reading without the need for an Internet connection. If you want to view articles from the Reading List in Safari, you're out of luck without internet. However, this is now changing, and in OS X Mountain Lion and the upcoming iOS 6, Apple is also adding the ability to save articles for offline reading. This will be of great benefit to users who cannot rely 100% on their mobile internet connection.

Next to the "+" button for opening a new panel, there is another one that creates previews of all the panels, between which you can scroll horizontally. Other new features include a share button and working with a link. You can save it as a bookmark, add it to your reading list, send it by email, send it via Messages or share it on the social network Twitter. Button Reader in Safari 6, it is not nested in the address bar, but rather appears as an extension of it.

The settings of the Internet browser itself have undergone minor changes. Panel Appearance disappeared for good, and therefore there is nowhere to set proportional and non-proportional fonts for pages without styles. Fortunately, the default encoding can still be selected, it's just been moved to the tab Advanced. Another panel that you won't find in the new Safari is RSS. You will need to add your channels manually in your favorite client, not by clicking a button RSS in the address bar.

Safari also goes hand in hand with one of the main novelties of the eighth feline – the notification center. Developers will be able to implement updates on their site using notifications as if it were a locally running application. All allowed and denied pages can be managed directly in the browser settings in the panel Notification. Here, it really depends only on the developers how they use the potential of the bubbles in the right corner of the screen.

Notes

The "iOSification" continues. Apple wants to deliver as similar an experience as possible for its users in both iOS and OS X. Up until now, notes on Macs have been syncronized rather clumsily through the native email client. Yes, this solution fulfilled its function, but not exactly in a friendly way. Some users didn't even know about Mail's notes integration. This is now the end, the notes have become independent in their own application. It is more clear and user-friendly.

The application seems to fall out of the eye of the one on the iPad. Two columns can be displayed on the left - one with an overview of synchronized accounts and the other with a list of the notes themselves. The right side then belongs to the text of the selected note. Double-click on a note to open it in a new window, which can then be left pinned above all other windows. If you've seen this feature before, you're right. Older versions of OS X also included a Notes app, but these were just widgets that could be pinned to the desktop.

Unlike the iOS version, I have to commend the desktop version for embedding. If you select a piece of formatted text on iPad, sometimes its style is preserved. And even with the background. Fortunately, the OS X version cleverly trims the text style so that all notes have a consistent look – the same font and size. As a big plus, I would also like to point out quite rich text formatting - highlighting, leading (subscript and superscript), alignment and indentation, inserting lists. It goes without saying that you can send notes by email or via Messages (see below). Overall, this is a simple and good app.

Reminders

Another app that gnawed its way from iOS to OS X. Just as notes were integrated into Mail, reminders were part of iCal. Again, Apple has chosen to keep the look and feel of the app almost identical on both platforms, so you'll feel like you're using the same app. Lists of reminders and the monthly calendar are displayed in the left column, individual reminders are displayed on the right.

The rest you probably know yourself, but “Repetition, the mother of wisdom.” First, you need to create at least one list in which to create reminders. For each of them, you can set the notification date and time, priority, repetition, end of repetition, note and location. The location of the note can be determined using the contact address or manual entry. It goes without saying that any Mac outside of a Wi-Fi network will not know its location, so owning at least one iOS device with this feature is assumed. Again, the app is very simple and basically copies its mobile version from iOS.

News

He used to be iChat, now this instant messenger is named after the example from iOS News. For a long time there was talk of a mobile version of iChat, which Apple would integrate into iOS, but the situation turned in exactly the opposite direction. iMessages, as a novelty of iOS 5, are moving to the "big" system. If you've read the previous paragraphs, this step probably won't come as a surprise to you. The app carries over everything else from previous versions, so you'll still be able to chat through AIM, Jabber, GTalk and Yahoo. What's new is the integration of iMessages and the ability to start a call via FaceTime.

The rest seems to have fallen out of sight I am reporting from the iPad. On the left is a column with chronologically arranged conversations, on the right is the current chat with well-known bubbles. You start the conversation either by writing the first letters of the recipient's name in the "To" field, under which a whisperer will then appear, or via the round button ⊕. A pop-up window will appear with two panels. In the first, select someone from your contacts, in the second, online users from your other "most Apple" accounts will be displayed. News definitely has a lot of potential for the future. Not only is the number of users of Apple devices growing, but perhaps integrating Facebook chat directly into the system application sounds very tempting. In addition to text, images can also be sent. You can insert other files into the conversation, but they simply won't be sent.

One of the things that isn't addressed when chatting via iMessages is notifications on multiple devices under the same account. That's because your Mac, iPhone and iPad will be heard all at once. On the one hand, this is precisely the desired functionality – receiving messages on all your devices. However, sometimes reception is undesirable on a certain device, typically an iPad. He often travels between family members and ongoing conversations could disturb them. Regardless of the fact that they could be watching and engaging with it. There is nothing else to do but put up with this or turn off iMessages on the problematic device.

Email

The native e-mail client has seen several interesting changes. The first of them is searching directly in the text of individual emails. Pressing the shortcut ⌘F will bring up a search dialog, and after entering the search phrase, all text will be grayed out. The application marks only the phrase where it appears in the text. You can then use the arrows to jump over individual words. The possibility of replacing the text has not disappeared either, you only need to check the appropriate dialog box and a field for entering a replacement phrase will also appear.

The list is also a pleasant novelty VIP. You can mark your favorite contacts this way and all emails received from them will be starred, making them easy to find in your inbox. In addition, VIPs get their own tab in the left panel, so you can only see emails from that group or from individuals.

Given the presence Notification center notification settings have also been added. Here you choose from whom you want to receive notifications, whether only for e-mails from the inbox, from people in the address book, VIP or from all mailboxes. Notifications also have interesting rule settings for individual accounts. What, on the other hand, has disappeared is, just like in Safari, the option of reading RSS messages. Apple thus left their management and reading to third-party applications.

Game Center

The number of apps taken from iOS is endless. Apple Game Center first shown to the public in iOS 4.1, creating a huge database of statistics of thousands and thousands of supported iPhone and iPad games. Today, hundreds of millions of potential players on the Apple mobile platform have the opportunity to compare their performances with their friends and the rest of the world. It was only on January 6, 2011 launched Mac App Store, taking less than a year for the OS X app store to reach the milestone 100 million download.

A significant number of represented applications are made up of games, so it is not surprising that Game Center is also coming to Mac. Just like on iOS, the entire application consists of four panels - Me, Friends, Games and Requests. One of the nice surprises is that you can browse your game stats from iOS. After all, there will never be as many games for Mac as there are on iOS, so the Game Center on OS X would be empty for most Apple users.

AirPlay mirroring

The iPhone 4S, iPad 2 and third-generation iPad already offer real-time image transfer from one device via Apple TV to another display. Why can't Macs also get AirPlay mirroring? However, this convenience for a reason hardware performance they only offer some computers. Older models do not have hardware support for WiDi technology, which is used for mirroring. AirPlay mirroring will be available for:

  • Mac (Mid 2011 or later)
  • Mac mini (Mid 2011 or later)
  • MacBook Air (Mid 2011 or later)
  • MacBook Pro (Early 2011 or later)

Gatekeeper and protection

We know about the existence of a new guard in the system informed already some time ago. The linked article contains everything you need to understand the principle, so just quickly - in the settings, you can choose one of three options from which applications can be launched:

  • from the Mac App Store
  • from the Mac App Store and from well-known developers
  • from any source

In system preferences Security and privacy added to the card Privacy new items. The first one shows apps that are allowed to get your current location, while the second one reveals apps with access to your contacts. A similar list of apps that may invade your privacy will also be available in iOS 6.

Of course, Mountain Lion will include it FileVault 2, which is found on older OS X Lion. It can secure your Mac in real-time using XTS-AES 128 encryption and thus reduce the risk of misuse of valuable data to a very small percentage. It can also encrypt external drives, such as those you back up your computer to with Time Machine.

As a matter of course, it offers a new apple system firewall, thanks to which the user gets an overview of applications with permission to connect to the Internet. sandboxing of all native apps and apps in the Mac App Store, in turn, reduces unauthorized access to their data and information. Parental control offers a wide range of settings - application restrictions, time restrictions on weekdays, weekends, convenience store, website filtering and other restrictions. Each parent can thus easily have an overview of what their children are allowed to do with their computer with just a few clicks.

Software Update ends, updates will be via the Mac App Store

We can no longer find in Mountain Lion software Update, through which various system updates have been installed so far. These will now be available in the Mac App Store, alongside updates for installed apps. In addition, everything is connected to the Notification Center, so when a new update is available, the system will automatically notify you. We no longer have to wait several minutes for Software Update to even check if any are available.

Backup to multiple drives

time Machine in Mountain Lion, it can back up to multiple disks at once. You just select another disk in the settings and your files are then automatically backed up to multiple locations at once. In addition, OS X supports backup to network drives, so there are several options for where and how to backup.

Power Nap

A completely new and very interesting feature in the new Mountain Lion is a feature called Power Nap. This is a gadget that takes care of your computer while it sleeps. Power Nap can take care of automatic updates and even data backup when the computer is connected to the network. In addition, it performs all these operations silently and without much energy consumption. However, the big disadvantage of Power Nap is the fact that it will only be possible to use it on the second generation MacBook Air and the new MacBook Pro with Retina display. Nevertheless, this is a relatively revolutionary innovation and will surely make the owners of the aforementioned MacBooks happy.

Dashboard adapted to iOS model

Although the Dashboard is certainly an interesting addition, users do not use it as much as they would probably imagine in Apple, so it will undergo further changes in Mountain Lion. In OS X 10.7 the Dashboard was assigned its own desktop, in OS X 10.8 the Dashboard gets a facelift from iOS. Widgets will be organized like apps in iOS - each one will be represented by its own icon, which will be arranged in a grid. In addition, just like in iOS, it will be possible to sort them into folders.

Simplified gestures and keyboard shortcuts

Gestures, another inspiration from iOS, have already appeared in a big way in Lion. In its successor, Apple only modifies them slightly. You no longer need to double-tap with three fingers to bring up dictionary definitions, but only one tap, which is much more convenient.

In Lion, users often complained that classic Save As replaced the command Duplicate, and so Apple in Mountain Lion, at least for duplication, assigned the keyboard shortcut ⌘⇧S, which previously served just for "Save as". It will also be possible to rename files in the Finder directly in the dialog window Open/Save.

Dictation

The purple microphone on a silver background became a symbol of the iPhone 4S and iOS 5. The virtual assistant Siri does not come to Macs yet, but at least text dictation or its conversion to speech came to Apple computers with Mountain Lion. Unfortunately, like Siri, these features are only available in a few languages, namely British, American and Australian English, German, French and Japanese. The rest of the world will follow over time, but don't expect the Czech language anytime soon.

Clearer panel Accessibility (Accessibility)

In Lyon Universal Access, in Mountain Lion Accessibility. The system menu with advanced settings in OS X 10.8 not only changes its name, but also its layout. Definitely a step up from Lion. Elements from iOS make the entire menu clearer, the settings are now divided into three main categories:

  • Vision - Monitor, Zoom, VoiceOver
  • Hearing - Sound
  • Interaction - Keyboard, Mouse and trackpad, Speakable items

Screen saver like in Apple TV

Apple TV has been able to do this for a long time, now the cool slideshows of your photos in the form of a screen saver are moving to the Mac. In Mountain Lion, it will be possible to choose from 15 different presentation templates, in which photos from iPhoto, Aperture or any other folder are displayed.

A departure from Carbon and X11

According to Apple, the old platforms are apparently past their zenith and are therefore mainly focused on the Cocoa environment. Already last year, the Java Development Kit was abandoned, as was Rosetta, which enabled emulation of the PowerPC platform. In Mountain Lion, the drift continues, many APIs from Carbon have disappeared, and X11 is also on the wane. There is no environment in the window to run applications that are not natively programmed for OS X. The system does not offer them for download, instead it refers to the installation of an open source project that allows applications to run in X11.

However, Apple will continue to support XQuartz, on which the original X11 is based (X 11 first appeared in OS X 10.5), as well as continue to support OpenJDK instead of officially supporting the Java development environment. However, developers are indirectly pushed to develop on the current Cocoa environment, ideally in a 64-bit version. At the same time, Apple itself was not able, for example, to deliver Final Cut Pro X for 64-bit architecture.

He collaborated on the article Michal Marek.

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